
Jewish cemeteries in Tyrol and Vorarlberg
History and significance
The Jewish cemetery, „bet kwarot“ (house of graves from „kewer“, grave), also „bet ha-chaijim“ (House of the Living), has some special features related to the laws of Judaism. For example, only burials in the ground are permitted. Due to the belief in the resurrection of the dead, Jewish graves are sacrosanct and may not be abandoned. Traditionally, there are only single graves with standing (Ashkenazi) or lying (Sephardic) graves. Mazevot (gravestones) engraved with the name(s) of the deceased and that of the father in Hebrew. Since the Haskala (Jewish auklärung), inscriptions in the local language and family graves are also common. The Tahara (washing of the dead) is obligatory and is performed in a tahara house. No funerals are held on Shabbat and the cemetery is closed. Men wear a head covering when in the cemetery. According to ancient custom, a stone is placed on the grave visited and hands are washed after leaving the cemetery.
Where Jews lived for several generations, Jewish cemeteries were therefore necessary to maintain religious observance. They were the only publicly visible Jewish institutions in Tyrol and Vorarlberg until the 19th century (exception: Hohenems). They are documented early on in Bolzano, Lienz and Innsbruck, It is very likely that from the 14th century there were also cemeteries in Trento and Merano. With the expulsion of the Jews in 1476, they all had to be abandoned. A new cemetery was established in Bolzano in 1614 and in Hohenems in 1617. Both are still in use and impressively document Jewish life in the old Tyrol.
In addition to the historic, no longer active cemetery in Innsbruck (Judenbichl), there are a total of four active cemeteries in the historic area of Tyrol: in Innsbruck, Hohenems, Merano and Bolzano. Furthermore, in Seefeld a memorial with buried, unknown victims of the Shoa.
The cemetery
in Hohenems
One of the most impressive testimonies to Jewish life in historic Tyrol.
The cemetery
in Bolzano
The oldest Jewish cemetery in Tyrol that is still active today is in Bolzano.
The forest cemetery
in Seefeld
Touching remembrance of the death march of Jewish prisoners from Dachau concentration camp to the "Alpine fortress" of Tyrol.
The Judenbichl
in Innsbruck
The old Jewish cemetery in Innsbruck, almost forgotten, is now a successful memorial.
Vorarlberg
The Jewish cemetery
in Hohenems
The Jewish cemetery in Hohenems is just as old as the first settlement of Jews in 1617, when Count Caspar von Hohenems accepted 12 Jewish families from southern Germany and Switzerland (Rheineck) into his imperial earldom. He also allocated them a piece of land in the so-called ‚Schwefel‘, on the southern edge of Hohenems, which they could use for Jewish burials. In total, there are probably well over 500 graves on the site. 370 gravestones have been preserved to this day. The cemetery is still in use today. A great deal of knowledge about the cemetery is owed to the community rabbi Aron Tänzer (1871-1937), who catalogued and mapped the graves.
In 1938, the cemetery was Market town of Hohenems confiscated, In 1952, it was returned to the legal successor of the Hohenems IKG, the newly founded IKG for Tyrol and Vorarlberg in Innsbruck. Preservation association in St. Gallen for a donation of 10,000 schillings. The association is supported by descendants of the Hohenems Jewish community, who have been looking after the cemetery with great dedication ever since. Thanks to their efforts, it has been possible to prevent the cemetery from being cleared as intended by the community. Extensive restoration work has been carried out in recent years. The publication issued in 2024 „Thy dead shall live“ reports in detail on the history of the 400-year-old resting place.
South Tyrol
The Jewish cemetery in Bolzano
A cemetery is mentioned in Bolzano as early as 1431, in the garden of what was then the provostry. It had to be abandoned in 1476 due to the expulsion of all Jews from Tyrol and was incorporated into the Christian cemetery. In the 16th century, there is evidence of another Jewish cemetery near the Talfer, near the so-called Ziegelstadel. Finally 1614 the cemetery still in use today in the suburb of Oberau (Bolzano South) through the purchase of the merchant Gerson.
In the 1930s, the cemetery was extended and a funeral parlour was added. The Jewish cemetery in Bolzano is thus the oldest, still in use today located in the historic Tyrol region. The burial place of the Schwarz family, who were influential in the late 19th century, can be found here. The oldest grave still preserved today dates from the early 19th century.
This cemetery, which is now part of the municipal cemetery of Bolzano, is also closed to the public, but can be visited on request at the Jewish Community of Merano.
Seefeld
The forest cemetery in Seefeld
In the last days of the war, the Dachau concentration camp „evacuated“ and at least 1,700 Jews were taken by railway to the „Alpine Fortress“ in Seefeld. As the train was unable to travel to Innsbruck due to bomb damage on the route, the Prisoners on foot in the direction of Telfs march. Some returned to Seefeld on the orders of Gauleiter Hofer, some were able to free themselves from the guards and some were escorted to Telfer railway station, some by train to Ötztal railway station.
American soldiers ended The transport approached from Scharnitz, but liberation came too late for dozens of the completely exhausted and emaciated prisoners. In the Forest cemetery built in 1947 in Seefeld are 63 of the victims of this death march who were exhumed from the collective graves built by the local farmers and brought here.
It is not known how many people died in total. Since the renovation of the cemetery in 1978, a Memorial plaque and in 2016, based on a design by architect Michael Prachensky, a new Memorial with 63 cubes made of artificial stone was erected. In 2020, a small memorial service was held here 75 years after the horrific events.
Innsbruck
The Judenbichl as an old burial site in Innsbruck
It is not known when the first graves were laid out on the Judenbichl. Documented The cemetery was first mentioned in 1503. In 1598, Samuel May received permission from Archduchess Anna Katharina to have his descendants buried on the Judenbichl, where „the Jews“ old burial place was", presumably since the 14th century. 1627 was built on the old road between Weiherburg and Mühlau, far outside the town. Cemetery enlarged. It was laid out in a square with a side length of around 20 metres and enclosed by a wall. It was desecrated and vandalised several times in its history, most recently twice shortly before it was abandoned.
The last burial took place in 1864, In 1880, the walls were torn down and the site levelled. From 2007, the site, which is marked on numerous historical maps and can still be recognised in outline on old photographs from the turn of the century, was researched. Archaeologists determined the exact location of the cemetery. Based on the designs of the architect couple Ida and Reinhard Rinderer, the Position of the perimeter wall with steel plates made of corten steel. A memorial plaque marks the site. The memorial was officially opened in 2009.






